TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seung Hun Roh
AU  - Jaekyum Kim
AU  - Won So
AU  - Yuankai Li
AU  - Won Tae Hong
AU  - Hyun Min Kwon
AU  - Sae Byeok Jo
AU  - Wooseok Yang
AU  - Byung-Keun Oh
AU  - Chan-Hwa Chung
AU  - Jongwook Park
AU  - Chisung Ahn
AU  - Byung-Hyun Kim
AU  - Jung Kyu Kim
TI  - Rapid flame induced dual-metal doping on WO<sub>3</sub> electrode for boosting photo-electrochemical water oxidation
JO  - Vessel Plus
PY  - 2025
VL  - 5
IS  - 10
SP  - 
EP  - 500128
SN  - ISSN 2574-1209 (Online)
AB  - <p>A bidirectional co-doping of transition metal Fe and post-transition metal Sn on WO<sub>3</sub> photoanode <i>via</i> a facile one step flame-doping process demonstrates the challenging amelioration of both thermodynamic charge migration and surface catalytic kinetics, achieving high-efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation reaction in a neutral pH. The direct flamethrower with rapid thermal flux effectively induces the bidirectional doping of Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Sn<sup>4+</sup> into WO<sub>3</sub> without damaging its nanostructure and fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrate. From the synergetic effect of the dual-metal doping, the photoinduced charge migration and the surface water oxidation kinetics are effectively ameliorated. As a result, the Fe/Sn co-doped WO<sub>3</sub> photoanode shows significantly enhanced PEC response with 6.16-fold higher photocurrent density performance at 1.23 V<sub>RHE</sub> than bare WO<sub>3</sub>. This work highlights the facile metal atom co-doping method without affecting intrinsic properties of photoanode and substrate for boosting the PEC water splitting performance and solar fuel production.</p>
KW  - Flame treatment
KW  - dual metal co-doping
KW  - oxygen evolution reaction
KW  - photoelectrochemical reaction
KW  - water splitting
DO  - 10.20517/energymater.2025.59
UR  - https://dx.doi.org/10.20517/energymater.2025.59